How to use a standard command line FTP client

ftp—Internet file transfer program

Common Commands

• rename [from] [to]
• Rename the file from on the remote machine, to the file to.

• rmdir directory-name
  • Delete a directory on the remote machine.

• open host [port]
  • Establish a connection to the specified host FTP server. An optional port number may be supplied, in which case, ftp will attempt to contact an FTP server at that port. If the auto-login option is on (default), ftp will also attempt to automatically log the user in to the FTP server (see below).

• pwd
  • Print the name of the current working directory on the remote machine.

• mget remote-files
  • Expand the remote-files on the remote machine and do a get for each file name thus produced. See glob for details on the filename expansion. Resulting file names will then be processed according to case, ntrans, and nmap settings. Files are transferred into the local working directory, which can be changed with `lcd directory'; new local directories can be created with `! mkdir directory'.

• mkdir directory-name
  • Make a directory on the remote machine.

• lcd [directory]
  • Change the working directory on the local machine. If no directory is specified, the user's home directory is used.

• ls [remote-directory] [local-file]
  • Print a listing of the contents of a directory on the remote machine. The listing includes any system-dependent information that the server chooses to include; for example, most UNIX systems will produce output from the command `ls -l'. (See also nlist.) If remote-directory is left unspecified, the current working directory is used. If interactive prompting is on, ftp will prompt the user to verify that the last argument is indeed the target local file for receiving ls output. If no local file is specified, or if local-file is `-', the output is sent to the terminal.

• mdelete [remote-files]
  • Delete the remote-files on the remote machine.

• mput local-files
  • Expand wild cards in the list of local files given as arguments and do a put for each file in the resulting list. See glob for details of filename expansion. Resulting file names will then be processed according to ntrans and nmap settings.

• dir [remote-directory] [local-file]
  • Print a listing of the directory contents in the directory, remote-directory, and, optionally, placing the output in local-file. If interactive prompting is on, ftp will prompt the user to verify that the last argument is indeed the target local file for receiving dir output. If no directory is specified, the current working directory on the remote machine is used. If no local file is specified, or local-file is -, output comes to the terminal.

• cd remote-directory
  • Change the working directory on the remote machine to remote-directory.

• get remote-file [local-file]
  • Retrieve the remote-file and store it on the local machine. If the local file name is not specified, it is given the same name it has on the remote machine, subject to alteration by the current case, ntrans, and nmap settings. The current settings for type, form, mode, and structure are used while transferring the file.

• help [command]
  • Print an informative message about the meaning of command. If no argument is given, ftp prints a list of the known commands.
  • ? [command] A synonym for help.

• reget remote-file [local-file]
  • Reget acts like get, except that if local-file exists and is smaller than remote-file, local-file is presumed to be a partially transferred copy of remote-file and the transfer is continued from the apparent point of failure. This command is useful when transferring very large files over networks that are prone to dropping connections.

• bye
  • Terminate the FTP session with the remote server and exit ftp. An end of file will also terminate the session and exit.
  • quit A synonym for bye.

• close
  • Terminate the FTP session with the remote server, and return to the command interpreter. Any defined macros are erased.
  • disconnect A synonym for close.

Basic Commands

• reset
  • Clear reply queue. This command re-synchronizes command/reply sequencing with the remote ftp server. Resynchronization may be necessary following a violation of the ftp protocol by the remote server.

• restart marker
  • Restart the immediately following get or put at the indicated marker. On UNIX systems, marker is usually a byte offset into the file.

• size file-name
  • Return size of file-name on remote machine.

• status
  • Show the current status of ftp.

• ! [command [args]]
  • Invoke an interactive shell on the local machine. If there are arguments, the first is taken to be a command to execute directly, with the rest of the arguments as its arguments.

• account [passwd]
  • Supply a supplemental password required by a remote system for access to resources once a login has been successfully completed. If no argument is included, the user will be prompted for an account password in a non-echoing input mode.

• ascii
  • Set the file transfer type to network ASCII. This is the default type.

• bell
  • Arrange that a bell be sounded after each file transfer command is completed.

• binary
  • Set the file transfer type to support binary image transfer.

• chmod mode file-name
  • Change the permission modes of the file file-name on the remote system to mode.

• append local-file [remote-file]
  • Append a local file to a file on the remote machine. If remote-file is left unspecified, the local file name is used in naming the remote file after being altered by any ntrans or nmap setting. File transfer uses the current settings for type, format, mode, and structure.

• mdir remote-files local-file
  • Like dir, except multiple remote files may be specified. If interactive prompting is on, ftp will prompt the user to verify that the last argument is indeed the target local file for receiving mdir output.

• newer file-name [local-file]
  • Get the file only if the modification time of the remote file is more recent that the file on the current system. If the file does not exist on the current system, the remote file is considered newer. Otherwise, this command is identical to get.

• quote arg1 arg2 ...
  • The arguments specified are sent, verbatim, to the remote FTP server.

• recv remote-file [local-file]
  • A synonym for get.

• remotehelp [command-name]
  • Request help from the remote FTP server. If a command-name is specified it is supplied to the server as well.

• remotestatus [file-name]
  • With no arguments, show status of remote machine. If file-name is specified, show status of file-name on remote machine.

• send local-file [remote-file]
  • A synonym for put.

• type [type-name]
  • Set the file transfer type to type-name. If no type is specified, the current type is printed. The default type is network ASCII.

• system
  • Show the type of operating system running on the remote machine.

• user user-name [password] [account]
  • Identify yourself to the remote FTP server. If the password is not specified and the server requires it, ftp will prompt the user for it (after disabling local echo). If an account field is not specified, and the FTP server requires it, the user will be prompted for it. If an account field is specified, an account command will be relayed to the remote server after the login sequence is completed if the remote server did not require it for logging in. Unless ftp is invoked with ``auto-login disabled, this process is done automatically on initial connection to the FTP server.

• verbose
  • Toggle verbose mode. In verbose mode, all responses from the FTP server are displayed to the user. In addition, if verbose is on, when a file transfer completes, statistics regarding the efficiency of the transfer are reported. By default, verbose is on.

Advanced Commands

• $ macro-name [args]
  • Execute the macro macro-name that was defined with the macdef command. Arguments are passed to the macro unglobbed.

• case
  • Toggle remote computer file name case mapping during mget commands. When case is on (default is off), remote computer file names with all letters in upper case are written in the local directory with the letters mapped to lower case.

• append local-file [remote-file]
  • Append a local file to a file on the remote machine. If remote-file is left unspecified, the local file name is used in naming the remote file after being altered by any ntrans or nmap setting. File transfer uses the current settings for type, format, mode, and structure.

• struct [struct-name]
  • Set the file transfer structure to struct-name. By default ``stream structure is used.

• sunique
  • Toggle storing of files on remote machine under unique file names. Remote ftp server must support ftp protocol STOU command for successful completion. The remote server will report unique name. Default value is off.

• tenex
  • Set the file transfer type to that needed to talk to TENEX machines.

• trace
  • Toggle packet tracing.

• umask [newmask]
  • Set the default umask on the remote server to newmask. If newmask is ommitted, the current umask is printed.

• prompt
  • Toggle interactive prompting. Interactive prompting occurs during multiple file transfers to allow the user to selectively retrieve or store files. If prompting is turned off (default is on), any mget or mput will transfer all files, and any mdelete will delete all files.

• proxy ftp-command
  • Execute an ftp command on a secondary control connection. This command allows simultaneous connection to two remote ftp servers for transferring files between the two servers. The first proxy command should be an open, to establish the secondary control connection. Enter the command "proxy ?" to see other ftp commands executable on the secondary connection. The following commands behave differently when prefaced by proxy: open will not define new macros during the auto-login process, close will not erase existing macro definitions, get and mget transfer files from the host on the primary control connection to the host on the secondary control connection, and put, mput, and append transfer files from the host on the secondary control connection to the host on the primary control connection. Third party file transfers depend upon support of the ftp protocol PASV command by the server on the secondary control connection. Store a local file on the remote machine. If remote-file is left unspecified, the local file name is used after processing according to any ntrans or nmap settings in naming the remote file. File transfer uses the current settings for type, format, mode, and structure.

• cr
  • Toggle carriage return stripping during ascii type file retrieval. Records are denoted by a carriage return/linefeed sequence during ascii type file transfer. When cr is on (the default), carriage returns are stripped from this sequence to conform with the UNIX single linefeed record delimiter. Records on non-UNIX remote systems may contain single linefeeds; when an ascii type transfer is made, these linefeeds may be distinguished from a record delimiter only when cr is off. Delete the file remote-file on the remote machine.

• case
  • Toggle remote computer file name case mapping during mget commands. When case is on (default is off), remote computer file names with all letters in upper case are written in the local directory with the letters mapped to lower case.

• form format
  • Set the file transfer form to format. The default format is ``file

• glob
  • Toggle filename expansion for mdelete, mget and mput. If globbing is turned off with glob, the file name arguments are taken literally and not expanded. Globbing for mput is done as in csh(1). For mdelete and mget, each remote file name is expanded separately on the remote machine and the lists are not merged. Expansion of a directory name is likely to be different from expansion of the name of an ordinary file: the exact result depends on the foreign operating system and ftp server, and can be previewed by doing `mls remote-files -' Note: mget and mput are not meant to transfer entire directory subtrees of files. That can be done by transferring a tar(1) archive of the subtree (in binary mode). ferred. The size of a data block is 1024 bytes.

• macdef macro-name
  • Define a macro. Subsequent lines are stored as the macro macro-name; a null line (consecutive newline characters in a file or carriage returns from the terminal) terminates macro input mode. There is a limit of 16 macros and 4096 total characters in all defined macros. Macros remain defined until a close command is executed. The macro processor interprets `$' and `\' as special characters. A `$' followed by a number (or numbers) is replaced by the corresponding argument on the macro invocation command line. A `$' followed by an `i' signals that macro processor that the executing macro is to be looped. On the first pass `$i' is replaced by the first argument on the macro invocation command line, on the second pass it is replaced by the second argument, and so on. A `\' followed by any character is replaced by that character. Use the `\' to prevent special treatment of the `$'.

• mls remote-files local-file
  • Like nlist, except multiple remote files may be specified, and the local-file must be specified. If interactive prompting is on, ftp will prompt the user to verify that the last argument is indeed the target local file for receiving mls output.

• mode [mode-name]
  • Set the file transfer mode to mode-name. The default mode is ``stream mode.

• modtime file-name
  • Show the last modification time of the file on the remote machine.

• nlist [remote-directory] [local-file]
  • Print a list of the files in a directory on the remote machine. If remote-directory is left unspecified, the current working directory is used. If interactive prompting is on, ftp will prompt the user to verify that the last argument is indeed the target local file for receiving nlist output. If no local file is specified, or if local-file is -, the output is sent to the terminal.

• nmap [inpattern outpattern]
  • Set or unset the filename mapping mechanism. If no arguments are specified, the filename mapping mechanism is unset. If arguments are specified, remote filenames are mapped during mput commands and put commands issued without a specified remote target filename. If arguments are specified, local filenames are mapped during mget commands and get commands issued without a specified local target filename. This command is useful when connecting to a non-UNIX remote computer with different file naming conventions or practices. The mapping follows the pattern set by inpattern and outpattern. [Inpattern] is a template for incoming filenames (which may have already been processed according to the ntrans and case settings). Variable templating is accomplished by including the sequences `$1', `$2', ..., `$9' in inpattern. Use `\' to prevent this special treatment of the `$' character. All other characters are treated literally, and are used to determine the nmap [inpattern] variable values. For example, given inpattern $1.$2 and the remote file name "mydata.data", $1 would have the value "mydata", and $2 would have the value "data". The outpattern determines the resulting mapped filename. The sequences `$1', `$2', ...., `$9' are replaced by any value resulting from the inpattern template. The sequence `$0' is replace by the original filename. Additionally, the sequence `[seq1, seq2]' is replaced by [seq1] if seq1 is not a null string; otherwise it is replaced by seq2.
    • For example, the command: nmap $1.$2.$3 [$1,$2].[$2,file] would yield the output filename "myfile.data" for input filenames "myfile.data" and "myfile.data.old", "myfile.file" for the input filename "myfile", and "myfile.myfile" for the input filename ".myfile". Spaces may be included in outpattern, as in the example: `nmap $1 sed "s/ *$//" > $1' . Use the `\' character to prevent special treatment of the `$','[','[', and `,' characters.

• ntrans [inchars [outchars]]
  • Set or unset the filename character translation mechanism. If no arguments are specified, the filename character translation mechanism is unset. If arguments are specified, characters in remote filenames are translated during mput commands and put commands issued without a specified remote target filename. If arguments are specified, characters in local filenames are translated during mget commands and get commands issued without a specified local target filename. This command is useful when connecting to a non-UNIX remote computer with different file naming conventions or practices. Characters in a filename matching a character in inchars are replaced with the corresponding character in outchars. If the character's position in inchars is longer than the length of outchars, the character is deleted from the file name.

• runique
  • Toggle storing of files on the local system with unique filenames. If a file already exists with a name equal to the target local filename for a get or mget command, a ".1" is appended to the name. If the resulting name matches another existing file, a ".2" is appended to the original name. If this process continues up to ".99", an error message is printed, and the transfer does not take place. The generated unique filename will be reported. Note that runique will not affect local files generated from a shell command (see below). The default value is off.

• sendport
  • Toggle the use of PORT commands. By default, ftp will attempt to use a PORT command when establishing a connection for each data transfer. The use of PORT commands can prevent delays when performing multiple file transfers. If the PORT command fails, ftp will use the default data port. When the use of PORT commands is disabled, no attempt will be made to use PORT commands for each data transfer. This is useful for certain FTP implementations which do ignore PORT commands but, incorrectly, indicate they've been accepted.

• site arg1 arg2 ...
  • The arguments specified are sent, verbatim, to the remote FTP server as a SITE command.

• cdup
  • Change the remote machine working directory to the parent of the current remote machine working directory.

• debug [debug-value]
  • Toggle debugging mode. If an optional debug-value is specified it is used to set the debugging level. When debugging is on, ftp prints each command sent to the remote machine, preceded by the string `-->'

• idle [seconds]
  • Set the inactivity timer on the remote server to seconds seconds. If seconds is ommitted, the current inactivity timer is printed.

Credits

• Aqired from: FTP(1) BSD General Commands Manual

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